Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is an uncommon but well recognized clinical entity characterized by compression of the third, or transverse, portion of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery.
This results in chronic, intermittent, or acute complete or partial duodenal obstruction.1 Superior mesenteric artery syndrome was first described in 1861 by Von Rokitansky, who proposed that its cause was obstruction of the third part of the duodenum as a result of arteriomesenteric compression.
The superior mesenteric artery usually forms an angle of approximately 45° (range, 38-56°) with the abdominal aorta, and the third part of the duodenum crosses caudal to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, coursing between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta.
Any factor that sharply narrows the aortomesenteric angle to approximately 6-25° can cause entrapment and compression of the third part of the duodenum as it passes between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta, resulting in superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
In addition, the aortomesenteric distance in superior mesenteric artery syndrome is decreased to 2-8 mm (normal is 10-20 mm).
In a review of the literature, approximately 0.013-0.78% of the findings from upper GI tract barium studies support a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
surgery:
This results in chronic, intermittent, or acute complete or partial duodenal obstruction.1 Superior mesenteric artery syndrome was first described in 1861 by Von Rokitansky, who proposed that its cause was obstruction of the third part of the duodenum as a result of arteriomesenteric compression.
The superior mesenteric artery usually forms an angle of approximately 45° (range, 38-56°) with the abdominal aorta, and the third part of the duodenum crosses caudal to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, coursing between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta.
Any factor that sharply narrows the aortomesenteric angle to approximately 6-25° can cause entrapment and compression of the third part of the duodenum as it passes between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta, resulting in superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
In addition, the aortomesenteric distance in superior mesenteric artery syndrome is decreased to 2-8 mm (normal is 10-20 mm).
In a review of the literature, approximately 0.013-0.78% of the findings from upper GI tract barium studies support a diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
surgery:
Surgical intervention is indicated when conservative measures are ineffective, particularly in patients with a long history of progressive weight loss, pronounced duodenal dilatation with stasis, and complicating peptic ulcer disease. A trial of conservative treatment should be instituted for at least 4-6 weeks prior to surgical intervention.
Choice of procedure is duodenojejunostomy
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Gastro Surgeon
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Gastro Surgeon
Dr. Keyur Bhatt- Best GI
Surgeon - Dr Keyur Bhatt - Best Gastro Surgeon
Dr. Keyur Bhatt- Best GI
Surgeon - Dr Keyur Bhatt - Best Gastro Surgeon
Dr Keyur
Bhatt- Best GI Surgeon
